Section C
Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
   You may have heard that coca-cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devors: cocaine. The coca in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator chemist john pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup ( it). At the time coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic( il jo), and pemberton's sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. but the other half of the name presents another ingredient, less infamous(名声不好的, perhaps, but also strangely pottent: the kola nut.
   In west Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain that also occurs naturally in tea, coffe , and chocolate .They also have heart stimulants . Historian Paul lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in west Africa is hundreds of years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on grass part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands. Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. and while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods by 1620, when English explorer Richard jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts we his eyes.
   By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tone to Europe and then many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popular me decimal drink was vin ma a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It as created by a French chemist, Angelo Mariana, in 1863. So when pemberton created his drink, it represented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient. Kola-extract colas became popular. The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all the Atlanta is where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily.
   Today about 1. 9 billion cokes are purchased daily it's become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985- sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. "Coca-Cola classic" returned to store shelves just three months after the "new coke" was released. These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it's said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavor.