在这样的市场中,商品供应通常很有灵活性。无论从眼前还是从长远看,对于制造商来说,供应随着市场的需求而变化。改变一个公司的产量结构要比改变一个矿井或农场的生产容易。当需求变化不太快的时候,可以把从一家工厂所获得的毛利抽走(siphon off)投资在其他不同的产品上。生意好的时候,就不断进行新的投资以使生产能力满足日益变化的需求。工人们自己也许意识不到通过他们的劳动所生产出的最终产品的变化,各个级别的产业工人们的工资水平很少受到特定市场的财富的影响。

参考答案:

  In this type of market, supply normally is very elastic. In the long run, as well as in the short, supply is responsive to demand in the market for manufactures. It is easier to change the composition of a firm’s output than it is to change the production of a mine or a plantation. And when changes in demand are not too rapid, gross profits from one plant can be siphoned off and invested in something quite different. When business is good, moreover, there is continual new investment so that productive capacity is adapted to meeting changing requirements. Workers themselves may not even be aware of changes in the final commodities to which their work contributes, and the level of wages for any grade of factory labor is very little affected by the fortunes of a particular market.

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