CATTI二级笔译:近义词辨析2

发布于 2018-02-06 10:04  编辑:Claire
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近义词辨析2


1.abide, adhere, conform, comply“遵守”。

abide v.后接by表示“遵守,同意”。

I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。

adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持;粘附”也经常被考到。)

Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。

conform v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。

All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。

comply v.后接with表示“遵守,服从”,用于正式的场合。

Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。



2.basic, elementary, fundamental

basic a.基本的,基础的,既可用于具体事物,也可用于抽象事物。

He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。

elementary a.初步的,初级的。elementary school小学

fundamental a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必须的。

Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。



3.compel, constrain, force, oblige都有"强迫"的意思。

compel v.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示"别无办法,不得不做"。

His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。

constrain v.力劝,强迫,与compel意思相近,但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。

As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。

force v.强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。

The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。

oblige v. (因法律、习俗等)强迫,迫使,常常用于被动。

We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。



4.deduce, induce, reduce 形近易混词。

deduce v.推断,推理,演绎。

My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him; today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默,今天他很沉默,所以我推断她生气了。

induce v.引诱,劝;引起,导致。

We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air.我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。

reduce v.减轻,减小;降低。

He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。



5.emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment都有"感情"的意思。

emotion n.情感,感情,指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪,表示某物引起的激动。

He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。

feeling n.指一般的情绪、感觉,它一般不反映感情的本质和强度。

passion n.激情,热情,欲望,极度的仇恨,指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲。

He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。

sensation n.指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的感觉,知觉。

When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看电影时,感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。

sentiment n.思想感情,情绪,感情色彩,指由于某种思想唤起的感情,强调主观作用,有时候也带有理智成分。

When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.当祖母逝世时,我们深深地怀念她的一生。


6.refrain, restrain, constrain

refrain v.抑制,禁止,强调抑制一种冲动,是正式用语,为不及物动词,后接介词from。

Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.学生们克制住不在教师抽烟。

restrain v.抑制,约束,指通过管束阻止某事发生,是及物动词,其习惯用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing。

She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗时,她牵着狗来限制它的活动。

constrain v.强迫,力劝,是及物动词。

A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府开支大于收入。

她的一生。



7.feasible, practicable, practical, pragmatic

feasible a.可行的,行得通的,用来表示实施后可以成功的。

Your work plan is feasible, so we can build the bridge immediately.你的工作计划是可行的,我们可以马上修建那座桥。

practicable a.能实施的,可行的,只表示一种可能性,但是实施后的效果不一定理想。

Their marriage was so bad that divorce seemed the only practicable solution.他们的婚姻是如此的糟糕以至于离婚似乎是唯一可行的解决办法。

practical a.实践的,实用的,实际的,指未经过实践检验的事物,如计划、项目等。

She felt that most of what she learned in the course was of no practical use.她感到在课上学到的大部分知识都没有实际用途。

pragmatic a.讲究实际的,实用的,务实的,强调用常识解决实际问题,不追求不切实际的目标。

He would like to be a doctor, but he has a pragmatic attitude and realizes that he cannot afford medical school.他想成为一名医生,但是他很实际,知道自己上不起医学院。



8.hypercritical, hypocritical

hypercritical a.吹毛求疵的,批评苛刻的。

He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.他很苛刻,对于学生的每个错误都要纠正。

hypocritical a.虚伪的,伪善的。

hypocritical behavior伪善的行为



9.imaginable, imaginary, imaginative

imaginable a.可想象的,往往作后置定语,所修饰的名词前常加all,every,only或形容词的最高级。

In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的绘画中,她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。

imaginary a.虚构的,想象中的。

The child has an imaginary friend.那孩子有个假想中的朋友。

imaginative a.富于想象力的。

an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家



10.minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate"次等"。

minor a较少的,较小的,较次要的,轻微的但并非不重要的意思。

We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我们对合同中的一切问题,甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。

inferior a.次等的,较劣的,差的,当"下级"讲时,强调职位的高低;当"次等"讲时,指素质、质量等的低劣。

Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。

secondary a.第二等的,次要的,在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。

My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。

subordinate a.次要的,从属的,下级的,强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。

He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。



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