增减词
英汉在语法上存在某些明显的差异,如英语有冠词,汉语则没有;英语多用代词,汉语虽然也用,但远不如英语那么频繁;英语介词丰富,汉语介词很少,英语中很多需用介词的地方汉语要么用动词替代,要么不用;英语多用关联词语,汉语则少用关联词语,主要靠逻辑关系来铺排句子,强调意念的连贯性;汉语多用助词表示各种语气,英语则没有语气助词。因此,英译汉时,可根据具体语境省略原文的冠词和某些代词、介词、关联词等,有时则可适当增加一些语气助词;汉译英则相反,多要省略原文的语气助词,而根据英语的行文需要适当增加一些冠词、代词、介词和关联词。例如:
1) The development of the productive powers of society... alone can form the real basis of a higher form of productive powers of society.
单凭社会生产能力的发展这一点就能为社会生产能力的更高形式打下坚实基础,成为更高一级社会形式的根基。(省略冠词)
2) 最简便的方法,是在美国开设分支办事处或者成立一个美国子公司,安排两三个中国雇员。
The simplest step is to set up日branch office or a U.S. subsidiary staffed by a small number of Chinese nationals. (增加冠词)
3) I’ve been rich and I've been poor – and I can tell you, rich is better.
富裕也罢,贫穷也罢,我都经历过。说实话,富裕当然胜过贫穷。(省略关联词和已出现过的做主语的人称代词)
4) 活到老,学到老。
One is never too old to learn.(增加人称代词)
5) In other words, only a wealthy economy can afford to give all individuals the opportunity for full personal satisfaction through the use of their special abilities in their jobs and through increased leisure activities.
换言之,只有富足的经济才能使每个社会成员的自我需求得到充分满足。这种满足体现为:在工作中施展才能或是在不断丰富的休闲活动中尽情放松。(省略物主代词)
6) In consequence, people know less of their neighbors than ever before.
结果人们与周围邻居之间从来没有像现在这样陌生。(省略介词)
7) 该地区已没什么城乡差别。
There is little difference between town and country in this region. (增加介词)
8) 在美国做生意,尤其是一开始,中方不可避免地会有些损失。
Inevitably China will suffer some losses and reversals when doing business in the U.S.,especially in the initial stages.(增加关联词)
9) Is more growth really better?
经济发展得越快越好吗?(增加语气词)
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2018的考试也不远了,考生们要好好复习了哦!
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