大学英语六级同位语从句
同位语从句主要从两个步骤：同位语→同位语从句
同位语：一个名词或代词后面有时可接一个单词、短语或从句，对前者作进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁或是什么，这就是同位语。
1. 名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.
王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital.
很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
2. 短语作同位语
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.
我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada.
中午时分，她们来到多伦多——加拿大最大、最富有的城市。
3. 直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”
4. 句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
要横贯整个大陆的想法很是令人兴奋。
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, promise, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。
同位语从句常用的引导词：连词that, whether，连接副词when, where, how。
1.连词that引导同位语从句(注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略)
1)The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then
came the disturbing newsthat Dolly had become seriously ill. (作fact,
news的同位语)
多莉看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
2).The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)
3).People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.
人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。(作belief的同位语)
4).The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.
困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实。(作fact的同位语)
5).The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。(作fact的同位语)
6).He made a promise that he would never come late.
他答应他将绝不来晚。(作promise的同位语)
7).Dolly the sheep became a scientific breakthrough when the news that she had been born was announced in 1997.
1997年多莉羊诞生的消息宣布后便成为一项科学突破。(作news的同位语)
8).However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.但是后来多莉染上严重肺病的问题又使科学家们忧虑。(作problem的同位语)
9).On 14th February 2003 scientists made the decision that Dolly should be put to sleep. 2003年2月14日科学家们作出让多莉羊长眠的决定。(作decision的同位语)
10).The fact that dolly died when she was quite young disappointed people the world over. 多莉早亡的事实令世人失望。(作fact的同位语)
11).Scientists hold the belief that cloning may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs and medical treatments.
科学家们认为克隆可能会带来很多重大的科学突破和医学疗法。(作belief的同位语)
12).Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasn’t been proved yet.(作assumption同位语)科学家们相信人类的克隆只不过是时间问题，但克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实。
13).Edward was much cast down by the news that he couldn’t obtain the graduation certificate. 不能获得毕业证书的消息让爱德华非常沮丧。
14).The scientist made the assumption that there is no animal life on other planets.
这个科学家提出了其他星球上没有动物生命的假设。
注意：同位语从句的that只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略;而定语从句中的that除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
练一练：
1.The notice came around two in the afternoon ________the meeting would be postponed.
答案 B [句意：会议将被推迟的通知下午2点钟左右发布。分析句式结构可知，所填词语引导的从句________the meeting would be postponed说明的是主语the notice的内容，即同位语从the notice被主句谓语部分came around two in the afternoon分隔，从而加大了识别的难度。从句内容完整，不需要添加when或how作状语，也不含有不确定因素，不能使用whether，故选B项。]
2.Modern science has given clear evidence ________smoking can lead to many diseases.
答案 C [句意：现代科学已经提供了明确的证据，吸烟能引发多种疾病。smoking can lead to many diseases作名词evidence的同位语从句，解释evidence 的具体内容，而且同位语从句中主谓宾成分齐全，因而选择不作任何成分也没有任何意义的that来引导。]
3.I have no idea ________the journalist could have got his information from.
答案 D [根据语意“我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的信息”可知，此处应用where引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容，所以这里选D项。]
4.The question came up at the meeting ________we had enough money for our research.
答案 A [句意：在会议上，是否有足够的资金能够用于研究的问题被提出。whether引导同位语从句解释question，符合语意。]
5.His promise ________he would give ，________made the public feel cheated.
A. which;what B.that;which
C.what;which D.which;that
答案 B [句意：他把年收入的一半捐赠给残疾人的诺言最后that引导同位语从句解释promise。第二空引导定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，因此用which。]
6.The problem will appear ________a different welfare system will be created.
答案 B [句意：whether来引导此同位语从句，表示“是否”。if一般不引导同位语从句，故排除D项。]
7. It is difficult to fill the minds of kids with the idea
________they must love study.
答案 D [句意：很难让热爱学习这个观念深入学生的内心。同位语从句不缺少成分，因此用that引导，解释说明idea。]
8.Word came ________a gas explosion in a gold mine in Northeast China had killed a few miners，________shocked everyone.
A.which;it B.where;that
B.that;which D.when;it
答案 C [句意：有消息说，在东北部的矿难中有数名矿工遇难。that引导同位语从句解释说明word，从句不缺少成分;第二空引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，故用which。]
9.Up to now，I haven't got any ________we should go on with the project.
A.that B.whether C.what D.which
答案 B [根据句中的“I haven't got any idea”可知说话人不知道“是否”应该继续这项工程，故选B，引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。A项只起连接作用，没有任何意义，故排除。]
10.—I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me ________I could work with my roommate Tim.
A.that B.how C.why D.whether
答案 A [从句I could work with my roommate Tim，句意完整，不缺少成分，因此使用that引导idea的内容。]
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