2018年成人英语三级语法:主谓一致
主谓一致定义
所谓“主谓一致”,就是指谓语在人称和数上必须受主语的人称和数的支配。这是英语和汉语在构句里的又一迥异之处。
主谓一致的种类
1.语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词为复数形式。如:
I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他,他经常帮助我。
We often help each other and learn from each other. 我们经常互相帮助,互相学习。
2.意义上的一致
a.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
如:The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包围住了这位政府官员。
单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, police, cattle等。如:
The Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。
b.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
news以及以ics结尾的学科名称(如:physics, politics, maths, economics等)。
3.就近原则
就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
a. 并列主语用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接,谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如:
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. 不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错,要么是他错吗?
b. 在there be 表存在的句式中,主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时,be 的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如:
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table=There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
C. 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:
Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。
On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those was the young woman. 船上有2,2001人,1,500多人丧生,这位年轻妇女也在其中。
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