2018年考研：阅读长难句精析之主语修饰性分隔
语法关系密切的两个同语有时被一个起修饰作用的词语或从句分隔，这种语言现象称为修饰性分隔。常见的修饰性分隔有主语或宾语后面跟上一个定语，谓语动词之前或后面有一个状语，造成主语或宾语同谓语动词的分隔，宾语同状语或补足语的分隔，定语同定语的分隔，等等。
A、主语或宾语和谓语动词的分隔
1.【典型难句】This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress，the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
【结构精析】主语need后有一个不定式短语作定语。这个不定式本身又带有一个宾语从句that....
【难句精译】他们需要不断证明自己与竞争对手同样优秀或者比对手更好，这使他们经常感到忧虑和压力重重，而这正是不幸和疾病的起因。
2.【典型难句】If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
【结构精析】本句中黑体字是形容词短语，作主语the cell的定语，本句谓语是becomes cancerous.
【难句精译】如果几个致癌基因被激活，那些不能将它们消灭的细胞就会成为癌细胞。
B、宾语和状语或补足语的分隔
1.【典型难句】We should not scare people who are waging war against aggressors with the danger of thermonuclear
【结构精析】句中的宾语people和状语with the danger of thermonuclear war之间隔着定语从句who ... aggressors.从形式上看，with the danger of thermonuclear war似乎也可修饰它前面的。ggressors，如译为“……正在和充满热核战争危险的侵略者作战的人们”，意思好像勉强过得去。其实，它在句中不是aggressors的定语，而是状语，修饰scare，应译为“我们不应用……危险吓唬……”。
【难句精译】我们不应用热核战争的危险吓唬正在和侵略者作战的人们。
2.【典型难句】We know that these principles will also inspire the students, who stand at the head of the demonstration，to march forward，through struggles，to victory.
【结构精析】这句中的to march forward, through struggles, to victory不是修饰它邻近的stand的状语，而是作宾语students的补足语(其中through struggles, to victory是修饰to march的状语)，因此不能照原文词序机械地译为“我们知道这些原则也将鼓舞学生们，他们站在……，向前迈进，通过斗争，走向胜利。原句中的宾语students和补足语to march... victory被定语从句who stand ... the demonstration隔开。
【难句精译】我们知道这些原则也将鼓舞站在示威游行队伍前列的学生们，通过斗争，向前迈进，走向胜利。
C、其他词语之问的分隔
1.【典型难句】 No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the house.
【结构精析】本句中more highly than I do 插在动词词组think of之间
【难句精译】没有人比我对刚刚向议会全体代表发言的值得尊敬的先生们的爱国精神和才干更钦佩了。
2.【典型难句】The auto bomb has merely brought home to(向……清楚地证实;使深切地感到)us, harshly, as a matter of life and death，what has long been growing:our failure to face，our refusal to face，as individuals and as nations，the place of science in our mind.
【结构精析】本句中as a matter of life and death插在动词词组brought home to us和宾语what has long been growing之间。我们还可以把这一句中what has long been growing看作是brought的宾语。另外， as individuals and as nations也是分隔结构，插在face和the place of science in our mind之间。
【难句精译】原子弹只是无情地使我们深切地认识到一个长期以来日益增长的生死枚关的问题:作为个人或国家，我们未能正视或拒绝正视科学在我们心目中的地位。
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