Passage 2
The earliest printed book we known today appeared in China in the year 868, and metal type was used in Korea at the beginning of the fifteen century, but it was in Germany around the year 1415, that the printing press used in movable metal type was invented. Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry , right from the start, book printing in publishing were organized on capitalist lines, the biggest sixteen century printer 一个人名 had 24 printing prices and employed more than a hundred workers, only a small faction of the population was literate, but production of books grow as an extraordinary speed. By 500 hundred some 20 million volumes had already been printed, the immediate factors printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in the hand-written form, while less popular works went out of circulation. Publishers were interested only in books that were sold very quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make profit.
Thus, while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap, high volume production possible, it also reduces choice. The great culture impact of printing was facilitated the growth of national languages, most early books were printed in Latin, but the mark for Latin was limited, and it is pursuit of large markets, the book trade soon produced translation into the national languages, and merging at that time.
Printing indeed played the key role in standardizing and stabilizing this languages by fixing them print and producing dictionaries and grammar books.
12. What happened in Germany around the 1415？
13. What does the speaker say about the printer 人名？
14. What is the immediate affect of the printing?
15. What was the great culture impact the printing?
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