参考答案: China’s Independent Foreign Policy of Peace
China unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. The fundamental goals of this policy are to safeguard China’s independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, create a favorable international environment for China’s reform and opening up and modernization construction, maintain world peace and propel common development. The main content of this policy includes:
1.China has all along adhered to the principle of independence. With regard to all international affairs,China will,proceeding from the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of the world,determine its stand and policy in the light of the merits and demerits of the matter, without yielding to any outside pressure. China does not form an alliance with any big power or group of big powers. Nor does China establish military blocs with other countries, or engage in arms race and military expansion.
2.China opposes hegemonism and safeguard world peace. China believes that all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. Countries should resolve their disputes and conflicts peacefully through consultations and not resort to the use or threat of force. Nor should they interfere in others,internal affairs under any pretext. China never imposes its social system and ideology on others,nor allows other countries to impose theirs on it.
3.China actively facilitates the establishment of a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational. China holds that the new order should give expression to the demands of the development of history and progress of the times and reflect the universal aspirations and common interests of the peoples of all countries. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the universally recognized norms governing international relations should serve as the basis for setting up the new international political and economic order.
4.China is ready to establish and develop friendly relations of cooperation with all countries on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression, non¬interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
It is an important component of China’s foreign policy to actively develop good-neighborly relations and friendship with surrounding countries. China has resolved problems left over by history with the overwhelming majority of neighboring countries, and has witnessed a vigorous development of mutually beneficial cooperation with its neighbors.
It is the fundamental standing point of China’s foreign policy to strengthen its solidarity and cooperation with developing countries. China and these countries share common historic experiences and are faced with common tasks of safeguarding national independence and achieving economic development. Therefore,their cooperation has a solid foundation and a broad prospect.
China sets store by improving and developing its relations with developed countries. It advocates that countries should surmount their differences in social system and ideology, respect one another, seek common ground and shelve differences and enhance their mutually beneficial cooperation. Their disputes should be appropriately solved through dialogue on the basis of equality and mutual respect, instead of confrontation.
5.China pursues a policy of all-dimensional opening up to the outside. It is ready to develop, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit,extensive trade relations,economic and technological cooperation and scientific and cultural exchanges with countries and regions of the world so as to promote common prosperity. By the end of 2001,China had approved 390,000 overseas-funded enterprises with 745. 9 billion dollars of contractual capital and 395. 5 billion dollars of used capital. In 2001,China’s import and export volume amounted to 509. 8 billion dollars, ranking sixth in the world.
After 15 years’ talks,China finally acceded to the World Trade Organization on December 11,2001. While enjoying relevant rights, China has begun earnestly honoring its obligations within the framework of the WTO and its commitments, and promoting prosperity and progress in the world.
The world economy is an inter-connected and inter-dependent whole. Economic globalization has brought both opportunities and big risks for the economies of various countries. It is a common challenge confronting the governments of all the countries to preserve financial stability,prevent financial crisis and ensure economic security.
6.China takes an active part in multilateral diplomatic activities and is a staunch force in preserving world peace and regional stability.
As a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations, China actively participates in the political solution of the problems of regional hot spots. China’s peace-keepers have joined United Nations peace-keeping operations. China supports the reform of the United Nations and a continued important role of the United Nations and other multilateral organs in international affairs. China is firmly opposed to all forms of terrorism and has made important contributions to international anti-terrorism cooperation.
China devotes itself actively to pushing forward the cause of international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. To date, China has joined all treaties related to international arms control and non-proliferation. With regard to non-proliferation, China has all along scrupulously abided by its international obligations and,thanks to its active efforts in enacting laws on non-proliferation, set up a relatively perfect export control system for non-proliferation.
The Chinese government has attached importance to human rights and made unremitting efforts in this regard. China has joined 18 human rights conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights,and signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
China remains ready,together with the international community,to enhance cooperation to address global problems facing mankind including worsening environment, resources scarcity, poverty and unemployment,population explosion,diseases and narcotics spreading,and rampant transnational crimes.
解题思路: 本文属外交文书,涉及国家的政治立场、观点和态度。翻译时要求概念准确,措辞严谨, 层次分明。对于国际上通用的外交术语,必须按照既定的译法来翻译。一些常用的政治 术语还需按照统一的译法来译。外交文体对语义轻重、褒贬都十分讲究,不可擅自改译。
1.本句中主干结构为“(中国)决定自己的立场和政策”,属主要信息,可译为主句;其余 部分为次要信息,可做分词短语、介词短语来处理。
2.本句是典型的的汉语句,重复的否定副词和句式结构用以表达强调的意义。翻译时,可 首先分清否定并列层次,按照英语表达习惯,借助否定副词nor来承接上句中表达的否定 意义。
3.本句中“国家不分大小、强弱、贫富”表达的是选择性并列关系,可以译作allcountries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor.
4.本句含有两层意义,属并列关系,翻译时可以根据其意义逻辑关系,译作两句,后一句 是对前一句否定的承接,因而使用英语中的否定副词nor来传递其交际信息功能。
5.本句中的“和平共处共处五项原则”是由五个动宾词组表示的,在翻译成英语时须进行 词类转换,译作五个名词词组,即 mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.这个译文是我国统一的约定俗成的译法,不得有任何缩改动。
6.本句的译法可以借助英语句型Itis+ n. +to do something, it是形式主语,真正的主语是 后面的不定式短语。
7.本句中前三个和后两个分句之间隐含着因果关系,翻译时须根据英语的行文习惯添加必 要的关联词therefore。同时,句中“有着共同的历史遭遇,又面临着维护国家独立、实 现经济发展的共同目标”属并列关系,故用and连接。汉语中意合句多,不强调形式上 的完整,只要不妨碍意义的表达,即可省去形式上的东西;英语形合句多,注重把各种 逻辑关系用相应的语言形式表达出来,所以在汉译英时往往需要增补必要的关联词。
8.本句中“维护金融稳定、防范金融危机、确保经济安全”为三个动宾词组的并列,译成 英语时,可根据它们的习惯搭配,译作 preserve financial stability, prevent financial crisis and ensure economic security,是英语的平行结构(parallelism) 0
9.本文是外交文书,属正式文体,为了加强语气,同时为了避免产生歧义或误解,本段中 重复词语也应在译文中重复使用,而不宜省略或代替。例如:“拉丁美洲各国人民在支 持你们,亚洲人民在支持你们,非洲人民在支持你们,世界各国人民在支持你们。” You enjoy the support of all the other people of Latin America, the support of all the people of Asia, the support of all the people of Africa, and the support of the people of the whole world.本句中前后两部分属并列关系,故用and连接,第一部分的主干是“中国加入了 18项公约”,其余部分为附带的细节成分,可以使用介词including来连接。
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