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With the understanding of phobias has come a magic bag of treatments: exposure therapy that can stomp out a lifetime phobia in a single six-hour session; virtual-reality programs that can safely simulate the thing the phobia most fears, slowly stripping it of its power to terrorize; new medications that can snuff the brain's phobic spark before it can catch.
In the past year, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first drug—an existing antidepressant.
Most psychologists now assign phobias to one of the three broad categories: social phobias, in which the sufferer feels paralyzing fear at the prospect of social or professional encounters; panic disorders, in which the person is periodically
blindsided
by overwhelming fear for no apparent reason; and specific phobias—fear of snakes and enclosed spaces and heights and the like.
If you are living with a generalized sense of danger, it can be profoundly therapeutic to find a single object on which to deposit all that unformed fear—a snake, a spider and a rat. A specific phobia becomes a sort of backfire for fear, a controlled blaze that prevents other blazes from catching.
But a condition that is so easy to pick up is becoming almost as easy to shake, usually without resort to drugs. What turns up the wattage of a phobia the most is the strategy the phobias rely on to ease their discomfort: avoidance. The harder phobics work to avoid the things they fear, the more the brain grows convinced that the threat is real.
Progress in treating social-anxiety disorder is also providing hope for the last—and most disabling—of the family of phobias: panic disorder. Panic disorder is to anxiety conditions what a tornado is to weather conditions: a devastating sneaks havoc and then simply vanishes. Unlike the specific phobic and the social phobic who know what will trigger their fear, the victim of panic attacks never know where or when one will hit. Someone who experiences an attack in, say, a supermarket will often not return there, associating the once neutral place with the traumatic event. But the perceived circle of safety can quickly shrink, until sufferers may be confined entirely to their homes. When this begins to happen, panic disorder mutates into full-blown
agoraphobia
. The treatment for
agoraphobia
is much the same as it is for social phobia: cognitive-behavioral therapy and drugs.
1.[单选题]What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Phobias have much to do with depression.
B.Everybody has something to fear about.
C.Avoidance can help patients forget fear.
D. The symptoms of panic disorder' are easy to find.
2.[单选题]Which of the following is NOT true of panic disorder?
A.It is the most serious type of phobias.
B.The doctors are getting to know its cause.
C. It will make the sufferers' safe place become smaller.
D. The doctor can use the experience from social phobia.
3.[单选题]Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Doctors have found effective ways to treat social-anxiety disorder.
B. Direct contact with the thing the patients fear proves wrong.
C.Medicine alone is impotent in controlling phobias.
D.Virtual fear is helpful in treating phobias.
4.[单选题]If you have phobia in general sense, ______ .
A.you should get a specific object to fight back all other objects of fear
B. it is beneficial for you to decide a single object of fear
C. a single object you choose as a phobia may help stop other fears
D. a single object you choose as a phobia can stand for fear in your life
5.[单选题]The word "agoraphobia" underlined in the last paragraph means phobia for ______ .
A. everything
B.new places
C.social activity
D.new people
6.[单选题]Which of the following is NOT true of the treatment with more and more understanding of phobia?
A.New medicines that can get rid of the fear in the brain.
B. New psychological methods that can help people not fear.
C.New medicines that can remove phobia in six-hour period.
D.The method that can help people overcome phobia by facing fearful things.
7.[单选题]What is the author's attitude to "avoidance" ?
A.Avoiding the thing you fear will make you fear more.
B.You can't avoid all the fears in your life.
C. You will feel better if you choose to avoid fear.
D.Your fears can be got rid of if you try to avoid them.
8.[单选题]The word "blindsided" underlined in Paragraph 3 means ______ .
A. terrorized
B. haunted
C.hit
D. caught
9.[单选题]What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?
A.To describe different kinds of phobias.
B.To expound phobia and their possible treatments.
C. To help the phobia sufferers to get better.
D.To tell readers how to prevent such phobias.
10.[单选题]According to the passage, social phobia ______ .
A.cause patients to fear the general public
B. lead patients to be afraid of society
C.are classified to one of the three broad categories
D. can result in paralyzing effect to patients
参考答案:
A,B,D,C,B,C,A,B,B,C
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