2018年考研阅读长难句精析之主语状语偏长
一、主语为长句,且放在前面
如果句子的主语比谓语长许多,可用各种修饰手段变成主谓语两头基本平衡。阅读理解短文中大多数也是这种句子。但是,也有相当一部分长句不是这样,而是头顶一个长长的主语,其后的谓语却非常短。
1.[典型难句]Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such,"steering the economy to a soft landing”or "a touch on the brakes",makes it sound like a precise science.
[结构精析]本句的主语部分是:Much of the language used。;,describe monetary polic·y, such,"steering the。-
conomy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes",长达24个单词,而谓语只是一个词makes对中国学生来说,这样长的主语往往会打乱我们的思维习惯,使我们摸不清句子结构关系,导致理解错误。
[难句精译] 很多用来描述货币政策的语言,如“引导经济软着陆”,“踩刹车”,使经济学听起来像是一门严谨的科学。
2.[典型难句]How well the predictions will he validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability
and appropriateness of the information used and on the skills and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
[结构精析]本句中主语How well the predictions will be validated by later performance,这是名词性从句作主语,而谓语却只是一个并列的词组。lepends upon和(depends) on...
[难句精译] 后来的表现对这些预测的证明结果怎样,这取决于被采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
二、句首为一个较长的状语从句
一般情况下,状语通常放在句末或句中。在句首出现一个长长的状语较少见,但在考研英语中,这种现象比较常见。
[典型难句]From the very (lay of the capitulation, by which Bismark's prisoners had signed the surrender of France but reserved to themselves a numerous bodyguard for the express purpose of cowing Paris, Paris stoodon the watch.
[结构精析]本句的主语是Paris,而前面的部分都是状语,放在句首,往往会干扰我们的阅读思路。
[难句精译]从法国投降那一天起,巴黎就严加戒备,因为屈从于稗斯麦的法国政府签署投降书时,保留了一支相当庞大的军事力量,目的是为了威胁恐吓巴黎。
2.[典型难句]While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it canno be said that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
[结构精析]本句中While it is true that this competition may induce efforts。。,expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict,是一个让步状语从句,放在句首,后面的it是句子的形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。
[难句精译]尽管这种竞争可能导致双方努力扩张领土,牺牲对方的利益,从而导致冲突。但是,我们还不能说国家间的战争不能避免,虽然竞争已经不可避免。
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